The impact of muddy bottoms in ports

Ports are drivers of regional and of countries’ economic development. Most ports are built close to coastlines, where waters are shallower and tend to suffer from deposit sedimentation processes, which reduce depths in operational areas. In presence of shallow waters and sedimentation, ports must decide whether to dredge or not, where both decisions have significant impacts on ports’ annual incomes. Nevertheless, there are seabeds, namely muddy bottoms, in which vessels can navigate with a safety degree. This paper aims at investigating the extent to which the theoretical knowledge of vessel’s control in muddy waters is valid at a certain nautical bottom, as defined by the Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (since 2009 the World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure but the acronym stays PIANC) and its impact on port economics. To achieve the proposed objective, an email survey was sent to worldwide pilots that manoeuvre ships in muddy waters. The survey validated the theoretical knowledge, showed that navigation in muddy waters is possible, that it can contribute to reduce ports’ operational costs, and that the subject can be rather controversial.     

基于BIM的公路隧道运维管理系统设计与开发

近年来,我国公路隧道建设里程快速增长,但在隧道运维管理中存在技术落后、管理人员配置不足等问题。针对管理中存在的问题,本文提出将BIM(building information modeling,建筑信息模型)引入公路隧道的运维管理,通过制定具体实施规划及设计系统架构,实现可视化的公路隧道运维管理。以浙江省41省道岭下隧道工程为依托,建立基于BIM的公路隧道运维管理平台,为公路隧道运维管理提供一种直观、便捷的管理方式,提高公路隧道的信息化管理水平。     

基于物联网技术的高速铁路综合维修物流监控系统

提出了基于物联网技术的高速铁路综合维修物流作业管理流程及监控系统组成,并对该系统实现的关键技术问题即多阅读器碰撞问题进行了Matlab仿真实验和现场试验,研究结果表明利用概率功率控制算法的阅读器,在阅读器5台以下的情况,高铁综合维修物流监控系统多阅读器可利用嵌入式软件监控范围超过3.5 m,可达到比较理想的状态,保证了该系统实现的可行性.     

分段矩形天窗对京沪高速铁路通过能力影响分析

本文以高速铁路天窗分段为基本研究单位,按照沿线途中大站将京沪高速铁路划分为若干天窗分段,分析天窗分段对列车运行的影响时间范围。在统计列车平均停站系数、停站时分和起停车附加时分等参数的基础上,计算列车一次停站的能力扣除系数以及天窗影响时间范围内通过能力的扣除值,得出京沪高速铁路在开设分段矩形天窗时线路通过能力的理论值以及限制区段。     

长江下游福南水道港航功能调整及涉港水域平面布置

福姜沙河段是长江下游唯一的两级分汊、三汊(福南、福中和福北)并存且通航的河段,目前右汊即福南水道为主航道所在,且其右岸也是中国最大内河港苏州港张家港港区的主要作业区所在。根据长江南京以下河段12.5 m深水航道建设方案以及福南水道上口、转弯段水深不足或通航水域宽度不足的情况,结合福南水道内的港口岸线利用及泊位分布现状及其规划,本文分区段论证实际将成为专用进港航道的福南水道的航道等级及航道尺度,并对水道内港作业水域重新进行了平面布置。最后,采用数学模型对调整后的水域布置进行回淤研究,并提出初步的减淤措施。     

基于 Web 的舰船装备 IETM 系统设计与实现

装备信息化维修保障一直是相关研究机构关注的重要内容,舰船装备交互式电子技术手册（IETM ）的研究和应用对海军信息化建设和提高装备保障能力具有十分重要的意义。论文分析了 IETM 开发的关键技术,设计了基于 Web的舰船装备 IETM 系统,对推进海军维修信息化建设具有重大推进作用。     

基于维修的舰船装备自然寿命评估

维修影响舰船装备的可靠性,最终影响装备的寿命。本文从维修的角度对舰船装备进行寿命分析,讨论维修后装备故障率的变化规律,引入Nakagawa的故障率递增因子,分析多部件舰船装备维修后的故障率变化情况;根据装备规定的使用可靠性要求,确定基于维修情况下装备的自然寿命。     

应用广义最大覆盖模型进行公路养护应急中心布局选址研究

应用广义最大覆盖模型方法在江西省国省道公路网络中进行公路养护应急中心布局选址,将养护应急中心设置在县级及以上行政中心点上,在点的服务半径已知的条件下,求解如何设立数量最少的点便可覆盖所有区域.     

热再生技术在沥青路面病害修补中的应用

热再生养护是一种非常适合我国公路养护需要的新技术,能快速修补沥青路面病害,并延长公路的使用寿命。     

The dredging dilemma: Economic development and environmental protection in Oakland Harbor

Abstract

Seaport expansion often generates tensions between the national interest in efficient transport and local interests in water quality and habitat preservation. The governing American permitting system, however, establishes an extraordinarily cumbersome, legalistic, and costly method for balancing environmental and economic considerations. A case study of the Port of Oakland illustrates the tendency. For four years, plans to find an environmentally acceptable site for dredged material have been stymied by a sequence of inconclusive regulatory and judicial proceedings. Meanwhile, large container ships can enter and leave Oakland harbor only at high tide, and not fully loaded. Despite the absence of any authoritative determination concerning environmental risks, the port was compelled to accede to progressively more expensive disposal methods. Such “adversarial legalism”; is not unique to the Oakland harbor case, but recurs in other policy spheres. It stems from a governmental structure that fragments decision‐making power among many agencies, that constrains regulatory discretion with legal demands for scientific certainty, and that by allowing agency decisions to be challenged readily in court, encourages legalistic defensiveness and extortion rather than compromise. The article concludes with a discussion of the conditions under which regional planning bodies might overcome these centrifugal tendencies.